Notetaker: Heather Lobenstein Advanced Placement Psychology Chapter 17: Stress and Health ( http://www.ApPsychology.net ) Stress and Health ° Behavioral Medicine- interdisciplinary field that integrates behavioral and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge to health and disease ° Health Psychology- subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine What is Stress? ° Stress- the process by which we perceive and respond to events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging
Stressors ‰
Intervening factors ‰
Stress reactions
Catastrophes
Appraisal
Psychological
Life changes
Perceived control
Emotional
Hassles
Personality
Behavioral
Social Support
Coping behaviors
° General Adaptation Syndrome- Selye's concept of the body's adaptive response to stress as composed of three
stages
° Phase 1-Alarm reaction
° Phase 2-Resistance
° Phase 3-Exhaustion
Stressful Life Events
° Catastrophic Events- earthquakes, combat stress, floods
° Life Changes- death of a loved one, divorce, loss of a job, promotion
° Daily Hassles- rush hour traffic, long lines, job stress, burnout
° Perceived Control- loss of control can increase stress hormones
What is Stress? (Part 2)
° Burnout- physical, emotional and mental exhaustion brought on by persistent job-related stress
° Coronary Hear Disease- clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; leading cause of death in the US
Stress and Coronary Heart Disease
° Type A- Friedman and Rosenman's term for people who are competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive,
anger-prone
° Type B- Friedman and Rosenman's term for easygoing, relaxed people
Stress and Disease
° Psychomati c Disease- psychologically caused physical symptoms
° Psychophysiological Illness
° "mind-body" illness
° any stress-related physical illness
° distinct from hypochondriasis- misinterpreting normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease
° Lymphocytes- two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system
° B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections
° T lymphocytes from the thymus and, among other duties, attack the cancer cells, viruses and foreign substances
Promoting Health
° Aerobic Exercise- sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness; may also alleviate depression and anxiety
° Biofeedback- system for electronically recording, amplifying, and feeding back information regarding a subtle
physiological state
° Blood pressure
° Muscle tension
Prevention
° 14% of US Gross Domestic Product is spent on health care
° 2/3 of organizations with less than 50 employees have health promoting programs
° health assessments
° fitness training
° smoking cessation
° stress management
Smoking
° Some estimations show smoking kills about 20 loaded jumbo jets per day
° Smoking is a pediatric disease
° Rebellious youth
° Modeling behavior, social rewards
° Targeted ad campaigns
° Why not quit? Nicotine delivery system
How to Quit
° Education
° Eliminate the social reinforcement
° Increase social support for quitting
° Cost
° Tax it to shorten the time between behavior and punishment
° Reduces smoking by 4% for every 10% increase cost
° Nicotine Replacement -Patch and Gum
° Reduce pharmacological addiction
° Then treat psychological addiction
Bibliography
Myers, David G., Psychology Fifth Edition. Worth Publishers, Inc. New York, NY ©1998
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